LaTeX symbols cheat sheet

Q: Which packages do these symbols need?

Most are built into LaTeX. Rows marked amssymb or amsmath need \usepackage{amssymb} or \usepackage{amsmath} in the preamble. TeXpad loads common packages for you when it sees them used.

Q: How do I type a symbol in math mode?

Put the command between dollar signs, like $\alpha + \beta$, or inside an equation environment for a numbered display.

Q: How do I write a literal % or $ in text?

Escape it with a backslash: \%, \$, \&, \#, \_. See the special characters table.

246 LaTeX commands for Greek letters, operators, relations, arrows, accents, and special characters. Click a command to copy it. Every command is compiled with real pdfTeX in our release checks, and the whole sheet is a printable PDF.

Greek letters · Binary operators · Relations · Sets and logic · Arrows · Big operators and functions · Fractions, roots, and scripts · Math accents · Delimiters · Math fonts · Special characters in text · Accents in text

Greek letters

Symbol	Command	Needs
α	`\alpha`
β	`\beta`
γ	`\gamma`
δ	`\delta`
ϵ	`\epsilon`
ε	`\varepsilon`
ζ	`\zeta`
η	`\eta`
θ	`\theta`
ϑ	`\vartheta`
ι	`\iota`
κ	`\kappa`
λ	`\lambda`
μ	`\mu`
ν	`\nu`
ξ	`\xi`
π	`\pi`
ϖ	`\varpi`
ρ	`\rho`
ϱ	`\varrho`
σ	`\sigma`
ς	`\varsigma`
τ	`\tau`
υ	`\upsilon`
ϕ	`\phi`
φ	`\varphi`
χ	`\chi`
ψ	`\psi`
ω	`\omega`
Γ	`\Gamma`
Δ	`\Delta`
Θ	`\Theta`
Λ	`\Lambda`
Ξ	`\Xi`
Π	`\Pi`
Σ	`\Sigma`
Υ	`\Upsilon`
Φ	`\Phi`
Ψ	`\Psi`
Ω	`\Omega`

Binary operators

Symbol	Command	Needs
±	`\pm`
∓	`\mp`
×	`\times`
÷	`\div`
·	`\cdot`
∗	`\ast`
∘	`\circ`
•	`\bullet`
⊕	`\oplus`
⊗	`\otimes`
⊖	`\ominus`
⊙	`\odot`
∩	`\cap`
∪	`\cup`
∧	`\wedge`
∨	`\vee`
∖	`\setminus`
⋆	`\star`

Relations

Symbol	Command	Needs
≤	`\leq`
≥	`\geq`
≠	`\neq`
≈	`\approx`
≡	`\equiv`
∼	`\sim`
≃	`\simeq`
≅	`\cong`
∝	`\propto`
≪	`\ll`
≫	`\gg`
≺	`\prec`
≻	`\succ`
⊥	`\perp`
∥	`\parallel`
∣	`\mid`
⊢	`\vdash`
⊨	`\models`
≐	`\doteq`
⩽	`\leqslant`	`amssymb`
⩾	`\geqslant`	`amssymb`
≲	`\lesssim`	`amssymb`
≳	`\gtrsim`	`amssymb`
≜	`\triangleq`	`amssymb`

Sets and logic

Symbol	Command	Needs
∈	`\in`
∉	`\notin`
∋	`\ni`
⊂	`\subset`
⊆	`\subseteq`
⊃	`\supset`
⊇	`\supseteq`
⊊	`\subsetneq`	`amssymb`
∅	`\emptyset`
∅	`\varnothing`	`amssymb`
∀	`\forall`
∃	`\exists`
∄	`\nexists`	`amssymb`
¬	`\neg`
∴	`\therefore`	`amssymb`
∵	`\because`	`amssymb`
ℕ	`\mathbb{N}`	`amssymb`
ℤ	`\mathbb{Z}`	`amssymb`
ℚ	`\mathbb{Q}`	`amssymb`
ℝ	`\mathbb{R}`	`amssymb`
ℂ	`\mathbb{C}`	`amssymb`
ℵ	`\aleph`

Arrows

Symbol	Command	Needs
→	`\to`
←	`\leftarrow`
↔	`\leftrightarrow`
⇒	`\Rightarrow`
⇐	`\Leftarrow`
⇔	`\Leftrightarrow`
⟶	`\longrightarrow`
⟹	`\Longrightarrow`
⟺	`\iff`
⟹	`\implies`	`amsmath`
↦	`\mapsto`
↑	`\uparrow`
↓	`\downarrow`
⇑	`\Uparrow`
⇓	`\Downarrow`
↗	`\nearrow`
↘	`\searrow`
↪	`\hookrightarrow`
⇀	`\rightharpoonup`
⇌	`\rightleftharpoons`

Big operators and functions

Symbol	Command	Needs
∑	`\sum_{i=1}^{n}`
∏	`\prod_{i=1}^{n}`
∐	`\coprod`
∫	`\int_0^1`
∬	`\iint`	`amsmath`
∮	`\oint`
⋃	`\bigcup`
⋂	`\bigcap`
⨁	`\bigoplus`
lim	`\lim_{x \to 0}`
sup	`\sup`
inf	`\inf`
max	`\max`
min	`\min`
log	`\log`
ln	`\ln`
exp	`\exp`
sin	`\sin`
cos	`\cos`
tan	`\tan`
det	`\det`
argmax	`\operatorname*{arg\,max}`	`amsmath`

Fractions, roots, and scripts

Symbol	Command	Needs
a⁄b	`\frac{a}{b}`
a⁄b	`\tfrac{a}{b}`	`amsmath`
a⁄b	`\dfrac{a}{b}`	`amsmath`
√x	`\sqrt{x}`
∛x	`\sqrt[3]{x}`
x²	`x^{2}`
xᵢ	`x_{i}`
(n k)	`\binom{n}{k}`	`amsmath`
f′	`f'`
f″	`f''`
∂	`\partial`
∇	`\nabla`
∞	`\infty`
…	`\ldots`
⋯	`\cdots`
⋮	`\vdots`
⋱	`\ddots`
ℓ	`\ell`
ℏ	`\hbar`
ℜ	`\Re`
ℑ	`\Im`
°	`^\circ`

Math accents

Symbol	Command	Needs
x̂	`\hat{x}`
x̄	`\bar{x}`
x⃗	`\vec{x}`
ẋ	`\dot{x}`
ẍ	`\ddot{x}`
x̃	`\tilde{x}`
x̌	`\check{x}`
x́	`\acute{x}`
x̆	`\breve{x}`
xŷ	`\widehat{xy}`
x̅y̅	`\overline{xy}`
x̲y̲	`\underline{xy}`
x̃ỹ	`\widetilde{xy}`
⏞	`\overbrace{a+b}`
⏟	`\underbrace{a+b}`
A⃗B	`\overrightarrow{AB}`

Delimiters

Symbol	Command	Needs
( )	`\left( x \right)`
[ ]	`\left[ x \right]`
{ }	`\{ x \}`
⟨ ⟩	`\langle x \rangle`
\| \|	`\lvert x \rvert`	`amsmath`
‖ ‖	`\lVert x \rVert`	`amsmath`
⌊ ⌋	`\lfloor x \rfloor`
⌈ ⌉	`\lceil x \rceil`
big(	`\big( x \big)`
Big(	`\Big( x \Big)`

Math fonts

Symbol	Command	Needs
𝐱	`\mathbf{x}`
x	`\mathrm{x}`
𝑥	`\mathit{x}`
𝒜	`\mathcal{A}`
𝔸	`\mathbb{A}`	`amssymb`
𝔄	`\mathfrak{A}`	`amssymb`
𝗑	`\mathsf{x}`
𝚡	`\mathtt{x}`
𝛂	`\boldsymbol{\alpha}`	`amsmath`
abc	`\text{if } x > 0`	`amsmath`

Special characters in text

Symbol	Command	Needs
&	`\&`
%	`\%`
$	`\$`
#	`\#`
_	`\_`
{	`\{`
}	`\}`
\	`\textbackslash`
~	`\textasciitilde`
^	`\textasciicircum`
§	`\S`
¶	`\P`
†	`\dag`
‡	`\ddag`
©	`\copyright`
®	`\textregistered`
™	`\texttrademark`
…	`\ldots`
“ ”	``quoted''
–	`--`
—	`---`
•	`\textbullet`
°	`\textdegree`
€	`\texteuro`

Accents in text

Symbol	Command	Needs
é	`\'{e}`
è	\`{e}
ê	`\^{e}`
ë	`\"{e}`
ñ	`\~{n}`
ç	`\c{c}`
ő	`\H{o}`
ō	`\={o}`
ŏ	`\u{o}`
š	`\v{s}`
å	`\r{a}`
ø	`\o`
ß	`\ss`
æ	`\ae`
œ	`\oe`
ı	`\i`
¡	!`
¿	?`

Print the cheat sheet

This is the whole sheet as a LaTeX document. It compiles in your browser; press Download PDF to save it, or edit it first.

Open .tex file or edit below

\documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage[margin=0.7in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{multicol}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\begin{document}
\begin{center}{\Large\bfseries LaTeX symbols cheat sheet}\\[2pt]
\small Each symbol is followed by the command that makes it. \texttt{amssymb} and \texttt{amsmath} are loaded.\end{center}

\section*{Greek letters}
\begin{multicols}{3}
$\alpha$\quad\verb|\alpha|\par
$\beta$\quad\verb|\beta|\par
$\gamma$\quad\verb|\gamma|\par
$\delta$\quad\verb|\delta|\par
$\epsilon$\quad\verb|\epsilon|\par
$\varepsilon$\quad\verb|\varepsilon|\par
$\zeta$\quad\verb|\zeta|\par
$\eta$\quad\verb|\eta|\par
$\theta$\quad\verb|\theta|\par
$\vartheta$\quad\verb|\vartheta|\par
$\iota$\quad\verb|\iota|\par
$\kappa$\quad\verb|\kappa|\par
$\lambda$\quad\verb|\lambda|\par
$\mu$\quad\verb|\mu|\par
$\nu$\quad\verb|\nu|\par
$\xi$\quad\verb|\xi|\par
$\pi$\quad\verb|\pi|\par
$\varpi$\quad\verb|\varpi|\par
$\rho$\quad\verb|\rho|\par
$\varrho$\quad\verb|\varrho|\par
$\sigma$\quad\verb|\sigma|\par
$\varsigma$\quad\verb|\varsigma|\par
$\tau$\quad\verb|\tau|\par
$\upsilon$\quad\verb|\upsilon|\par
$\phi$\quad\verb|\phi|\par
$\varphi$\quad\verb|\varphi|\par
$\chi$\quad\verb|\chi|\par
$\psi$\quad\verb|\psi|\par
$\omega$\quad\verb|\omega|\par
$\Gamma$\quad\verb|\Gamma|\par
$\Delta$\quad\verb|\Delta|\par
$\Theta$\quad\verb|\Theta|\par
$\Lambda$\quad\verb|\Lambda|\par
$\Xi$\quad\verb|\Xi|\par
$\Pi$\quad\verb|\Pi|\par
$\Sigma$\quad\verb|\Sigma|\par
$\Upsilon$\quad\verb|\Upsilon|\par
$\Phi$\quad\verb|\Phi|\par
$\Psi$\quad\verb|\Psi|\par
$\Omega$\quad\verb|\Omega|\par
\end{multicols}

\section*{Binary operators}
\begin{multicols}{3}
$\pm$\quad\verb|\pm|\par
$\mp$\quad\verb|\mp|\par
$\times$\quad\verb|\times|\par
$\div$\quad\verb|\div|\par
$\cdot$\quad\verb|\cdot|\par
$\ast$\quad\verb|\ast|\par
$\circ$\quad\verb|\circ|\par
$\bullet$\quad\verb|\bullet|\par
$\oplus$\quad\verb|\oplus|\par
$\otimes$\quad\verb|\otimes|\par
$\ominus$\quad\verb|\ominus|\par
$\odot$\quad\verb|\odot|\par
$\cap$\quad\verb|\cap|\par
$\cup$\quad\verb|\cup|\par
$\wedge$\quad\verb|\wedge|\par
$\vee$\quad\verb|\vee|\par
$\setminus$\quad\verb|\setminus|\par
$\star$\quad\verb|\star|\par
\end{multicols}

\section*{Relations}
\begin{multicols}{3}
$\leq$\quad\verb|\leq|\par
$\geq$\quad\verb|\geq|\par
$\neq$\quad\verb|\neq|\par
$\approx$\quad\verb|\approx|\par
$\equiv$\quad\verb|\equiv|\par
$\sim$\quad\verb|\sim|\par
$\simeq$\quad\verb|\simeq|\par
$\cong$\quad\verb|\cong|\par
$\propto$\quad\verb|\propto|\par
$\ll$\quad\verb|\ll|\par
$\gg$\quad\verb|\gg|\par
$\prec$\quad\verb|\prec|\par
$\succ$\quad\verb|\succ|\par
$\perp$\quad\verb|\perp|\par
$\parallel$\quad\verb|\parallel|\par
$\mid$\quad\verb|\mid|\par
$\vdash$\quad\verb|\vdash|\par
$\models$\quad\verb|\models|\par
$\doteq$\quad\verb|\doteq|\par
$\leqslant$\quad\verb|\leqslant|\par
$\geqslant$\quad\verb|\geqslant|\par
$\lesssim$\quad\verb|\lesssim|\par
$\gtrsim$\quad\verb|\gtrsim|\par
$\triangleq$\quad\verb|\triangleq|\par
\end{multicols}

\section*{Sets and logic}
\begin{multicols}{3}
$\in$\quad\verb|\in|\par
$\notin$\quad\verb|\notin|\par
$\ni$\quad\verb|\ni|\par
$\subset$\quad\verb|\subset|\par
$\subseteq$\quad\verb|\subseteq|\par
$\supset$\quad\verb|\supset|\par
$\supseteq$\quad\verb|\supseteq|\par
$\subsetneq$\quad\verb|\subsetneq|\par
$\emptyset$\quad\verb|\emptyset|\par
$\varnothing$\quad\verb|\varnothing|\par
$\forall$\quad\verb|\forall|\par
$\exists$\quad\verb|\exists|\par
$\nexists$\quad\verb|\nexists|\par
$\neg$\quad\verb|\neg|\par
$\therefore$\quad\verb|\therefore|\par
$\because$\quad\verb|\because|\par
$\mathbb{N}$\quad\verb|\mathbb{N}|\par
$\mathbb{Z}$\quad\verb|\mathbb{Z}|\par
$\mathbb{Q}$\quad\verb|\mathbb{Q}|\par
$\mathbb{R}$\quad\verb|\mathbb{R}|\par
$\mathbb{C}$\quad\verb|\mathbb{C}|\par
$\aleph$\quad\verb|\aleph|\par
\end{multicols}

\section*{Arrows}
\begin{multicols}{3}
$\to$\quad\verb|\to|\par
$\leftarrow$\quad\verb|\leftarrow|\par
$\leftrightarrow$\quad\verb|\leftrightarrow|\par
$\Rightarrow$\quad\verb|\Rightarrow|\par
$\Leftarrow$\quad\verb|\Leftarrow|\par
$\Leftrightarrow$\quad\verb|\Leftrightarrow|\par
$\longrightarrow$\quad\verb|\longrightarrow|\par
$\Longrightarrow$\quad\verb|\Longrightarrow|\par
$\iff$\quad\verb|\iff|\par
$\implies$\quad\verb|\implies|\par
$\mapsto$\quad\verb|\mapsto|\par
$\uparrow$\quad\verb|\uparrow|\par
$\downarrow$\quad\verb|\downarrow|\par
$\Uparrow$\quad\verb|\Uparrow|\par
$\Downarrow$\quad\verb|\Downarrow|\par
$\nearrow$\quad\verb|\nearrow|\par
$\searrow$\quad\verb|\searrow|\par
$\hookrightarrow$\quad\verb|\hookrightarrow|\par
$\rightharpoonup$\quad\verb|\rightharpoonup|\par
$\rightleftharpoons$\quad\verb|\rightleftharpoons|\par
\end{multicols}

\section*{Big operators and functions}
\begin{multicols}{3}
$\sum_{i=1}^{n}$\quad\verb|\sum_{i=1}^{n}|\par
$\prod_{i=1}^{n}$\quad\verb|\prod_{i=1}^{n}|\par
$\coprod$\quad\verb|\coprod|\par
$\int_0^1$\quad\verb|\int_0^1|\par
$\iint$\quad\verb|\iint|\par
$\oint$\quad\verb|\oint|\par
$\bigcup$\quad\verb|\bigcup|\par
$\bigcap$\quad\verb|\bigcap|\par
$\bigoplus$\quad\verb|\bigoplus|\par
$\lim_{x \to 0}$\quad\verb|\lim_{x \to 0}|\par
$\sup$\quad\verb|\sup|\par
$\inf$\quad\verb|\inf|\par
$\max$\quad\verb|\max|\par
$\min$\quad\verb|\min|\par
$\log$\quad\verb|\log|\par
$\ln$\quad\verb|\ln|\par
$\exp$\quad\verb|\exp|\par
$\sin$\quad\verb|\sin|\par
$\cos$\quad\verb|\cos|\par
$\tan$\quad\verb|\tan|\par
$\det$\quad\verb|\det|\par
$\operatorname*{arg\,max}$\quad\verb|\operatorname*{arg\,max}|\par
\end{multicols}

\section*{Fractions, roots, and scripts}
\begin{multicols}{3}
$\frac{a}{b}$\quad\verb|\frac{a}{b}|\par
$\tfrac{a}{b}$\quad\verb|\tfrac{a}{b}|\par
$\dfrac{a}{b}$\quad\verb|\dfrac{a}{b}|\par
$\sqrt{x}$\quad\verb|\sqrt{x}|\par
$\sqrt[3]{x}$\quad\verb|\sqrt[3]{x}|\par
$x^{2}$\quad\verb|x^{2}|\par
$x_{i}$\quad\verb|x_{i}|\par
$\binom{n}{k}$\quad\verb|\binom{n}{k}|\par
$f'$\quad\verb|f'|\par
$f''$\quad\verb|f''|\par
$\partial$\quad\verb|\partial|\par
$\nabla$\quad\verb|\nabla|\par
$\infty$\quad\verb|\infty|\par
$\ldots$\quad\verb|\ldots|\par
$\cdots$\quad\verb|\cdots|\par
$\vdots$\quad\verb|\vdots|\par
$\ddots$\quad\verb|\ddots|\par
$\ell$\quad\verb|\ell|\par
$\hbar$\quad\verb|\hbar|\par
$\Re$\quad\verb|\Re|\par
$\Im$\quad\verb|\Im|\par
$^\circ$\quad\verb|^\circ|\par
\end{multicols}

\section*{Math accents}
\begin{multicols}{3}
$\hat{x}$\quad\verb|\hat{x}|\par
$\bar{x}$\quad\verb|\bar{x}|\par
$\vec{x}$\quad\verb|\vec{x}|\par
$\dot{x}$\quad\verb|\dot{x}|\par
$\ddot{x}$\quad\verb|\ddot{x}|\par
$\tilde{x}$\quad\verb|\tilde{x}|\par
$\check{x}$\quad\verb|\check{x}|\par
$\acute{x}$\quad\verb|\acute{x}|\par
$\breve{x}$\quad\verb|\breve{x}|\par
$\widehat{xy}$\quad\verb|\widehat{xy}|\par
$\overline{xy}$\quad\verb|\overline{xy}|\par
$\underline{xy}$\quad\verb|\underline{xy}|\par
$\widetilde{xy}$\quad\verb|\widetilde{xy}|\par
$\overbrace{a+b}$\quad\verb|\overbrace{a+b}|\par
$\underbrace{a+b}$\quad\verb|\underbrace{a+b}|\par
$\overrightarrow{AB}$\quad\verb|\overrightarrow{AB}|\par
\end{multicols}

\section*{Delimiters}
\begin{multicols}{3}
$\left( x \right)$\quad\verb|\left( x \right)|\par
$\left[ x \right]$\quad\verb|\left[ x \right]|\par
$\{ x \}$\quad\verb|\{ x \}|\par
$\langle x \rangle$\quad\verb|\langle x \rangle|\par
$\lvert x \rvert$\quad\verb|\lvert x \rvert|\par
$\lVert x \rVert$\quad\verb|\lVert x \rVert|\par
$\lfloor x \rfloor$\quad\verb|\lfloor x \rfloor|\par
$\lceil x \rceil$\quad\verb|\lceil x \rceil|\par
$\big( x \big)$\quad\verb|\big( x \big)|\par
$\Big( x \Big)$\quad\verb|\Big( x \Big)|\par
\end{multicols}

\section*{Math fonts}
\begin{multicols}{3}
$\mathbf{x}$\quad\verb|\mathbf{x}|\par
$\mathrm{x}$\quad\verb|\mathrm{x}|\par
$\mathit{x}$\quad\verb|\mathit{x}|\par
$\mathcal{A}$\quad\verb|\mathcal{A}|\par
$\mathbb{A}$\quad\verb|\mathbb{A}|\par
$\mathfrak{A}$\quad\verb|\mathfrak{A}|\par
$\mathsf{x}$\quad\verb|\mathsf{x}|\par
$\mathtt{x}$\quad\verb|\mathtt{x}|\par
$\boldsymbol{\alpha}$\quad\verb|\boldsymbol{\alpha}|\par
$\text{if } x > 0$\quad\verb|\text{if } x > 0|\par
\end{multicols}

\section*{Special characters in text}
\begin{multicols}{3}
\&\quad\verb|\&|\par
\%\quad\verb|\%|\par
\$\quad\verb|\$|\par
\#\quad\verb|\#|\par
\_\quad\verb|\_|\par
\{\quad\verb|\{|\par
\}\quad\verb|\}|\par
\textbackslash\quad\verb|\textbackslash|\par
\textasciitilde\quad\verb|\textasciitilde|\par
\textasciicircum\quad\verb|\textasciicircum|\par
\S\quad\verb|\S|\par
\P\quad\verb|\P|\par
\dag\quad\verb|\dag|\par
\ddag\quad\verb|\ddag|\par
\copyright\quad\verb|\copyright|\par
\textregistered\quad\verb|\textregistered|\par
\texttrademark\quad\verb|\texttrademark|\par
\ldots\quad\verb|\ldots|\par
``quoted''\quad\verb|``quoted''|\par
--\quad\verb|--|\par
---\quad\verb|---|\par
\textbullet\quad\verb|\textbullet|\par
\textdegree\quad\verb|\textdegree|\par
\texteuro\quad\verb|\texteuro|\par
\end{multicols}

\section*{Accents in text}
\begin{multicols}{3}
\'{e}\quad\verb|\'{e}|\par
\`{e}\quad\verb|\`{e}|\par
\^{e}\quad\verb|\^{e}|\par
\"{e}\quad\verb|\"{e}|\par
\~{n}\quad\verb|\~{n}|\par
\c{c}\quad\verb|\c{c}|\par
\H{o}\quad\verb|\H{o}|\par
\={o}\quad\verb|\={o}|\par
\u{o}\quad\verb|\u{o}|\par
\v{s}\quad\verb|\v{s}|\par
\r{a}\quad\verb|\r{a}|\par
\o\quad\verb|\o|\par
\ss\quad\verb|\ss|\par
\ae\quad\verb|\ae|\par
\oe\quad\verb|\oe|\par
\i\quad\verb|\i|\par
!`\quad\verb|!`|\par
?`\quad\verb|?`|\par
\end{multicols}
\end{document}

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Questions

Which packages do these symbols need?

Most are built into LaTeX. Rows marked amssymb or amsmath need \usepackage{amssymb} or \usepackage{amsmath} in the preamble. TeXpad loads common packages for you when it sees them used.

How do I type a symbol in math mode?

Put the command between dollar signs, like $\alpha + \beta$ , or inside an equation environment for a numbered display.

Can I print this cheat sheet?

Yes. The compile box at the bottom of this page holds the whole sheet as a LaTeX document. It compiles in your browser; press Download PDF to save it.

How do I write a literal % or $ in text?

Escape it with a backslash: \%, \$, \&, \#, \_. See the special characters table.

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